ABSTRACT
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce tissue damage and oxidative stress in animal models of stomach damage. In the present study, the protective effects of wheat peptides were evaluated in a NSAID-induced stomach damage model in rats. Different doses of wheat peptides or distilled water were administered daily by gavage for 30 days before the rat stomach damage model was established by administration of NSAIDs (aspirin and indomethacin) into the digestive tract twice. The treatment of wheat peptides decreased the NSAID-induced gastric epithelial cell degeneration and oxidative stress and NO levels in the rats. Wheat peptides significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and decreased iNOS activity in stomach. The mRNA expression level of μ-opioid receptor was significantly decreased in wheat peptides-treated rats than that in in the control rats. The results suggest that NSAID drugs induced stomach damage in rats, wchih can be prevented by wheat peptides. The mechanisms for the protective effects were most likely through reducing NSAID-induced oxidative stress.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Antioxidants , Pharmacology , Aspirin , Gastric Mucosa , Gene Expression , Glutathione Peroxidase , Indomethacin , Nitric Oxide , Nitric Oxide Synthase , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxidative Stress , Plant Proteins , Pharmacology , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Opioid, mu , Stomach , Superoxide Dismutase , Triticum , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To formulate the seed quality grading standard of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thousand-grain weight, seed moisture, germination rate, purity of G. uralensis seed samples from 24 regions were tested. Through statistical analysis, the key indicator and the reference indicators for seed quality grading were defined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Germination percentage was the primary indicator of seed quality grading, thousand-grain weight, cleanliness and moisture content were important reference indicators.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The seed quality of each grade should reach the following requirements: for first grade seeds, germination percentage > or = 85% , purity > or = 92%, thousand-grain weight > or = 13 g, seed moisture < or = 11%; for second grade seeds, germination percentage 75%-85%, purity 83%-92%, thousand-grain weight 11-13 g, seed moisture < or = 11%; for third grade seeds, germination percentage 65%-75%, purity 74%-83%, thousand-grain weight 9-11 g, seed moisture < or = 11%.</p>